Bile acids (BAs) are a group of amphiphilic molecules consisting of a rigid steroid core
attached to a hydroxyl group with a varying number, position, and orientation, and a …

The liver is the central metabolic hub which coordinates nutritional inputs and metabolic
outputs. Food intake releases bile acids which can be sensed by the bile acid receptor FXR …

Fibrosis is the final common pathway leading to end-stage renal failure. By analyzing the
kidneys of patients and animal models with fibrosis, we observed a significant mitochondrial …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening condition that is one of most common side
effects of cisplatin therapy. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the main source of energy …

The bile acid receptor FXR has emerged as a bona fide drug target for chronic cholestatic
and metabolic liver diseases, ahead of all non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). FXR is …

The kidney is the central organ involved in maintaining water and sodium balance. In human
kidneys, nine aquaporins (AQPs), including AQP1–8 and AQP11, have been found and are …

The prevalence of kidney diseases has been increasing worldwide due to the aging
population and has results in an increased socioeconomic burden as well as increased …

The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) causes nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity
in animals and humans. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the NR family and is …

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) influences bile acid homeostasis and the progression of various
diseases. While the roles of hepatic and intestinal FXR in enterohepatic transport of bile …

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that transcriptionally regulates bile acid
homeostasis along with nutrient metabolism. In addition to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, FXR …