The Mediator complex, which in humans is 1.4 MDa in size and includes 26 subunits,
controls many aspects of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) function. Apart from its size, a defining …

cis-Regulatory elements encode the genomic blueprints that ensure the proper
spatiotemporal patterning of gene expression necessary for appropriate development and …

Differential gene expression mechanisms ensure cellular differentiation and plasticity to
shape ontogenetic and phylogenetic diversity of cell types. A key regulator of differential …

Spatiotemporal gene expression programmes are orchestrated by transcriptional
enhancers, which are key regulatory DNA elements that engage in physical contacts with …

Abstract RNA polymerase II (Pol II) core promoters are specialized DNA sequences at
transcription start sites of protein-coding and non-coding genes that support the assembly of …

Mammalian gene expression is inherently stochastic,, and results in discrete bursts of RNA
molecules that are synthesized from each allele,,,–. Although transcription is known to be …

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) direct a remarkable number of diverse functions in development
and disease through their regulation of transcription, RNA processing and translation …

A class of cis-regulatory elements, called enhancers, play a central role in orchestrating
spatiotemporally precise gene-expression programs during development. Consequently …

A long-standing question in gene regulation is how remote enhancers communicate with
their target promoters, and specifically how chromatin topology dynamically relates to gene …

Enhancers can regulate the promoters of their target genes over very large genomic
distances. It is widely assumed that mechanisms of enhancer action involve the …