The H2AX histone protein is rapidly phosphorylated at the serine-139 position (γH2AX) in
response to a broad range of DNA lesions. γH2AX induction is one of the earliest events in …

The phosphorylation of histone variant H2AX and formation of γH2AX is a primary response
to the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Detection of γH2AX is a robust and sensitive tool …

Abstract Knowledge of the toxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has
increased over time. Much of this knowledge is about the 16 United States-Environmental …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the air, oils, water, and food
products we encounter every day. Among these exposures, food consumption is a major …

There is ample evidence from occupational studies that exposure to a mixture of Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) is causally associated with an increased incidence of lung …

Aflatoxins are found as food contaminant and some of them demonstrate a carcinogenic
effect. The aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway involves 15 successive steps. The aim of this …

Pyrene is a typical high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (HMW-PAH), and
its biodegradation has been widely studied. Different microorganisms, including fungi …

Genotoxic compounds may be detoxified to non-genotoxic metabolites while many pro-
carcinogens require metabolic activation to exert their genotoxicity in vivo. Standard …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides are two major groups of
environmental contaminants which humans are simultaneously exposed to. However …

In vitro genotoxicity tests used in regulatory toxicology studies are sensitive, but the
occurrence of irrelevant positive results is high compared with carcinogenicity studies in …