Calcium carbonate is an important and often dominant component of marine sediments. This
is reflected by the observation that about 20% by volume of Phanerozoic (0-547 Ma; Ma) …

Fifteen years after the discovery of major glacial/interglacial cycles in the CO2 concentration
of the atmosphere, it seems that all of the simple mechanisms for lowering pCO2 have been …

Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, but increasing
atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing ocean pH and carbonate ion …

For the past 3.8 billion years, the geochemistry of the Earth's surface-its atmosphere, waters
and exposed crust-has been determined by the presence of biota. Photosynthetic organisms …

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations over the past two centuries have
led to greater CO2 uptake by the oceans. This acidification process has changed the …

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals secreted by marine organisms are abundant in the
ocean. These particles settle and the majority dissolves in deeper waters or at the seafloor …

In the open ocean, elevated carbon flux (ECF) events increase the delivery of particulate
carbon from surface waters to the seafloor by severalfold compared to other times of year …

Sinking particles are a critical conduit for the export of organic material from surface waters
to the deep ocean. Despite their importance in oceanic carbon cycling and export, little is …

During the past decade data from a variety of sources have been obtained which show
conclusively that the relatively rare, large particles sinking through the water column are …

1.1 Background Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most impor-tant gases in the
atmosphere, affecting the radiative heat balance of the earth as well as the calcium …