The autophagic pathway involves the encapsulation of substrates in double-membraned
vesicles, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for enzymatic degradation and …

The signaling networks that drive the aging process, associated functional deterioration, and
pathologies has captured the scientific community's attention for decades. While many …

Mitochondria serves a primary role in energy maintenance but also function to govern levels
of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mROS). ROS have long been established …

The molecular mechanisms that couple glycolysis to cancer drug resistance remain unclear.
Here we identify an ATP-binding motif within the NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX4, and show …

Sustained macroautophagy/autophagy favors the differentiation of fibroblasts into
myofibroblasts. Cellular senescence, another means of responding to long-term cellular …

Photoreceptors are the most numerous and metabolically demanding cells in the retina.
Their primary nutrient source is the choriocapillaris, and both the choriocapillaris and …

Maintenance of an appropriate oxygen concentration is essential for the function of the liver.
However, in many pathological conditions, and particularly in the tumor microenvironment …

Angiogenesis is a key enabling feature of mammalian embryonic development and tumor
progression, which provides oxygen and nutrients that are required for vessel growth and …

The hypoxic areas of solid cancers represent a negative prognostic factor irrespective of
which treatment modality is chosen for the patient. Still, after almost 80 years of focus on the …

Tissue repair and fibrosis, an abnormal form of repair, occur in most human organs in
response to injury or inflammation. Fibroblasts play a major role in the normal repair process …