An important determinant for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) onset and outcome is
the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, the study of the interactions …

There is currently no consensus to determine which advanced melanoma patients will
benefit from targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of both, highlighting the …

Background 3D culture is increasingly used in cancer research, as it allows the growth of
cells in an environment that mimics in vivo conditions. Metastases are the primary cause of …

Background Dysregulation of the hypoxia‐aerobic system has been postulated in various
malignancies. Nonetheless, the contribution of hypoxia to oral carcinogenesis is yet to be …

Although two-dimensional cell cultures provide a time-and cost-effective method for testing
drugs at the preclinical level, they do not capture the three-dimensional cellular interactions …

Nearly 90% of oral cancers are characterized as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC),
representing the sixth most common type of cancer. OSCC usually evolves from oral …

Oral premalignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of potentially malignant conditions that
pose a significant health burden globally. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA …

Regorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
(VEGF) activity used as an antiangiogenic agent for metastatic colorectal cancer treatment …

A neoplasm is a mass of proliferative cells classified as benign or malignant based on their
morphology and clinical behaviour. Anaplasia, local invasion and metastasis distinguish …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are aggressive cancers with high
mortality rates, ranking seventh globally in cancer prevalence. This research investigates the …