Activation of various cell surface receptors triggers the reorganization of downstream
signaling molecules into micrometer-or submicrometer-sized clusters. However, the …

Leukocytes can completely reorganize their cytoskeletal architecture within minutes. This
structural plasticity, which facilitates their migration and communicative function, also …

Cell surface transmembrane receptors often form nanometer-to micrometer-scale clusters to
initiate signal transduction in response to environmental cues. Extracellular ligand …

The highly variable response rates to immunotherapies underscore our limited knowledge
about how tumors can manipulate immune cells. Here the membrane topology of natural …

INTRODUCTION For T cells to mount an adaptive immune response and enact cell-
mediated immunity, they must first successfully detect rare cognate antigen. This detection is …

T cells are critically important for host defense against infections. T cell activation is specific
because signal initiation requires T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of foreign antigen …

T cells are mechanosensitive but the effect of stiffness on their functions is still debated. We
characterize herein how human primary CD4+ T cell functions are affected by stiffness within …

When crawling through the body, leukocytes often traverse tissues that are densely packed
with extracellular matrix and other cells, and this raises the question: How do leukocytes …

Cell–cell interfaces are found throughout multicellular organisms, from transient interactions
between motile immune cells to long-lived cell–cell contacts in epithelia. Studies of immune …

Ras homology (RHO) GTPases are signalling proteins that have crucial roles in triggering
multiple immune functions. Through their interactions with a broad range of effectors and …