Addressing the multiscale organization of the brain, which is fundamental to the dynamic
repertoire of the organ, remains challenging. In principle, it should be possible to model …

In recent years, deep learning has revolutionized the field of machine learning, for computer
vision in particular. In this approach, a deep (multilayer) artificial neural network (ANN) is …

Various hypotheses of information representation in brain, referred to as neural codes, have
been proposed to explain the information transmission between neurons. Neural coding …

Molecular communication (MC) engineering is inspired by the use of chemical signals as
information carriers in cell biology. The biological nature of chemical signaling makes MC a …

Although the ventromedial hypothalamus ventrolateral area (VMHvl) is now well established
as a critical locus for the generation of conspecific aggression, its role is complex, with …

We assessed the mechanism of mammalian breathing rhythmogenesis in the preBötzinger
complex (preBötC) in vitro, where experimental tests remain inconsistent with hypotheses of …

Highlights•Mechanistic understanding of the brain requires assigning functions to neural
modules.•New sophisticated tools for manipulating neural activity advance this …

Acoustic signals serve communication within and across species throughout the animal
kingdom. Studying the genetics, evolution, and neurobiology of acoustic communication …

Vocal signals, including human speech and birdsong, are produced by complicated,
precisely coordinated body movements, whose execution is fitness-determining in resource …

Muscle function during movement is more than a simple, linear transformation of neural
activity into force. The classic work loop technique has pioneered our understanding of …