Breaking waves modulate the transfer of energy, momentum, and mass between the ocean
and atmosphere, controlling processes critical to the climate system, from gas exchange of …

The marine trace gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) supplies sulfur to the atmosphere at a rate of 15–
40 Tg S per year, contributing to the production of atmospheric sulfate aerosols that …

The Southern Ocean is the primary region for the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide
(CO2) and is, therefore, crucial for Earth's climate. However, the Southern Ocean CO2 flux …

The ocean plays a central role in modulating the Earth's carbon cycle. Monitoring how the
ocean carbon cycle is changing is fundamental to managing climate change. Satellite …

Polar environments are among the fastest changing regions on the planet. It is a crucial time
to make significant improvements in our understanding of how ocean and ice …

The deliberate increase of ocean alkalinity (referred to as Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement or
OAE) has been proposed as a method for removing CO 2 from the atmosphere. Before OAE …

The transfer of gases at the ocean‐atmosphere interface impacts weather and climate from
local to global scales, with carbon dioxide (CO2) key to marine life and ecosystems, and …

Ocean CO2 uptake accounts for 20–40% of the post-industrial sink for anthropogenic CO2.
The uptake rate is the product of the CO2 interfacial concentration gradient and its transfer …

A variety of physical mechanisms are jointly responsible for facilitating air‐sea gas transfer
through turbulent processes at the atmosphere‐ocean interface. The nature and relative …

Bubbles bursting at the ocean surface are an important source of ocean‐spray aerosol, with
implications on radiative and cloud processes. Yet, very large uncertainties exist on the role …