It is almost a century since nisin was discovered in fermented milk cultures, coincidentally in
the same year that penicillin was first described. Over the last 100 years this small, highly …

Antibiotic resistance, prompted by the overuse of antimicrobial agents, may arise from a
variety of mechanisms, particularly horizontal gene transfer of virulence and antibiotic …

Gram-positive bacteria synthesize and secrete antimicrobial peptides that target the
essential process of peptidoglycan synthesis. These antimicrobial peptides not only regulate …

In this study, the nanocomposite film (SA-CS@ CuO/ZnO) composed of sodium alginate (SA)
and chitosan (CS) functionalized by copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) and zinc oxide …

With the alarming increase of infections caused by pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria
over the last decades, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been investigated as a potential …

The MacB ABC transporter forms a tripartite efflux pump with the MacA adaptor protein and
TolC outer membrane exit duct to expel antibiotics and export virulence factors from Gram …

This article highlights new members, novel mechanisms of action, new functions, and
interesting applications of antimicrobial peptides reported in 2014. As of December 2014 …

Two-component systems, composed of a histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator
(RR), are the major signal transduction devices in bacteria. Originally it was thought that …

The dramatic rise in the incidence of antibiotic resistance demands that new therapeutic
options will have to be developed. One potentially interesting class of antimicrobials are the …

The GraSR two-component system (TCS) controls cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP)
resistance in Staphylococcus aureus through the synthesis of enzymes that increase …