Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both suppressive
and inflammatory immune responses. After 30 years of intense study, we have only begun to …

Infectious diseases caused by pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
are ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide by the World Health …

Immunity to malaria has been linked to the availability and function of helper CD4+ T cells,
cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells that can respond to both the asymptomatic liver stage …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are central to the maintenance of self-tolerance and tissue
homeostasis. Markers commonly used to define human Tregs in the research setting include …

Foxp3 plays a key role in CD4+ CD25+ Treg cell function in mice and represents a specific
marker for these cells. Despite the strong association between FOXP3 expression and …

Surviving a given infection requires the generation of a controlled immune response. Failure
to establish or restore homeostatic conditions during or following the onset of an infection …

Vaccination is one of medicine's greatest achievements; however, its full potential is
hampered by considerable variation in efficacy across populations and geographical …

Each microenvironment requires a specific set of regulatory elements that are finely and
constantly tuned to maintain local homeostasis. Various populations of regulatory T cells …

Malaria remains a major public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions across the
world. Even though less than 1% of malaria infections are fatal, this leads to about 430,000 …

The ability of the adaptive immune system to restrict Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is
impeded by activated Foxp3+ regulatory T (T reg) cells. The importance of pathogen-specific …