A survey is given of the major developments in three-dimensional velocity field
measurements using the tomographic particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The …

This paper provides a brief overview on the recent advances of small-scale unmanned
aerial vehicles (UAVs) from the perspective of platforms, key elements, and scientific …

Butterflies display extreme variation in wing shape associated with tremendous ecological
diversity. Disentangling the role of neutral versus adaptive processes in wing shape …

Most insects and hummingbirds can generate lift during both upstroke and downstroke with
a nearly horizontal flapping stroke plane, and perform precise hovering flight. Further, most …

Flapping-wing insects, birds and robots are thought to offset the high power cost of
oscillatory wing motion by using elastic elements for energy storage and return. Insects …

Butterflies look like no other flying animal, with unusually short, broad and large wings
relative to their body size. Previous studies have suggested butterflies use several unsteady …

Volumetric particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a laser technique measuring three-component
velocity field in a volume. Common volumetric PIV techniques are defocusing PIV, multi-view …

In the current study, we experimentally investigated the flexibility effects on the aerodynamic
performance of flapping wings and the correlation with aspect ratio at angle of attack α= 45 …

Micro aerial vehicles using flapping wings are under investigation, as an alternative to fixed-
wing and rotary-wing micro aerial vehicles. Such flapping-wing vehicles promise key …

Animal Locomotion: Physical Principles and Adaptations is a professional-level, state of the
art review and reference summarizing the current understanding of macroscopic metazoan …