El sector de la manufactura utiliza metodologías de aprendizaje automático supervisado
que permiten mejorar procesos de inspección mediante la visión artificial. La inspección …

The ever‐increasing importance of critical metals (CMs) in modern society underscores their
resource security and circularity. Waste‐printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are particularly …

Surface mount technology (SMT) is a procedure for mounting electronic components to the
surface of printed circuit boards (PCBs). Although the SMT procedure is more reliable than …

Defects within chip solder joints are usually inspected visually for defects using X-ray
imaging to obtain images. The phenomenon of voids inside solder joints is one of the most …

Accurate quality inspection for wave soldering is crucial to ensure that the products moving
into the next processing step are qualified, which plays a nonnegligible role in reducing …

As the components become smaller and packing becomes denser, printed circuit boards
(PCB) become more prone to mistakes during the assembling. Therefore, solder joint defect …

Multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) can be produced not only in the traditional way but
also additively. Both traditional and additive manufacturing can lead to invisible defects in …

In electronics manufacturing, solder joint defects are a common problem affecting a variety
of printed circuit board components. To identify and correct solder joint defects, the solder …

Textile defect recognition is a significant technique in the production processes of the textile
industry. However, in the practical processes, it is hard to acquire large amounts of textile …

In the domain of intelligent manufacturing, automatic anomaly detection plays a pivotal role
and holds great significance for improving production efficiency and product quality …