We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …

In recent years, an evaluation technique for Earth System Models (ESMs) has arisen—
emergent constraints (ECs)—which rely on strong statistical relationships between aspects …

Earth system models are complex and represent a large number of processes, resulting in a
persistent spread across climate projections for a given future scenario. Owing to different …

As the number of models in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) archives
increase from generation to generation, there is a pressing need for guidance on how to …

An important metric for temperature projections is the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS),
which is defined as the global mean surface air temperature change caused by a doubling …

The South Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone (SASA) is the main feature of the atmospheric
circulation over the South Atlantic Ocean, and its study is of great importance to explain …

Despite major advances in climate science over the last 30 years, persistent uncertainties in
projections of future climate change remain. Climate projections are produced with …

Abstract Models disagree on a significant number of responses to climate change, such as
climate feedback, regional changes, or the strength of equilibrium climate sensitivity …

Emergent constraints are quantities that are observable from current measurements and
have skill predicting future climate. This study explores 19 previously proposed emergent …

The fractional increase in global mean precipitation (△ P¯/P¯) is a first-order measure of the
hydrological cycle intensification under anthropogenic warming. However,△ P¯/P¯ varies …