In response to the need to minimize the use of experimental animals, new approach
methodologies (NAMs) using advanced technology have emerged in the 21st century …

Thyroid hormone system disrupting compounds are considered potential threats for human
and environmental health. Multiple adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for thyroid hormone …

Abstract The US Environmental Protection Agency is evaluating the ecological and
toxicological effects of per-and polyfluorinated chemicals. A number of perfluorinated …

Transthyretin (TTR) is one of the serum binding proteins responsible for transport of thyroid
hormones (TH) to target tissue and for maintaining the balance of available TH. Chemical …

Atrazine is a widely applied herbicide to improve crop yield and maintain general health. It
has been reported to impair thyroid function and architecture in experimental animals …

Iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO) are key enzymes that influence tissue-specific thyroid
hormone levels during thyroid-mediated amphibian metamorphosis. Within the larger …

Thyroid hormone (TH) carrier proteins play an important role in distributing TH to target
tissue as well as maintaining the balance of free versus bound TH in the blood. Interference …

Human health risk assessment is a function of chemical toxicity, bioavailability to reach
target biological tissues, and potential environmental exposure. These factors are …

The transition to include in vitro-based data in chemical hazard assessment has resulted in
the development and implementation of screening assays to cover a diversity of biological …

A biologically based computational model was developed to describe the hypothalamic-
pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in developing Xenopus laevis larvae. The goal of this effort was …