A variety of targeted anticancer agents have been successfully introduced into clinical
practice, largely reflecting their ability to inhibit specific molecular alterations that are …

Glycolysis has long been considered as the major metabolic process for energy production
and anabolic growth in cancer cells. Although such a view has been instrumental for the …

While intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) occupies a key position in the bioenergetic
metabolism of all the cellular compartments that form the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Obesity, exceptionally prevalent in the USA, promotes the incidence and progression of
numerous cancer types including breast cancer. Complex, interacting metabolic and …

Background: Tumor models are critical for our understanding of cancer and the development
of cancer therapeutics. The 4T1 murine mammary cancer cell line is one of the most widely …

Autophagy is fundamental to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis in virtually all
human cells. Accordingly, defective autophagy predisposes healthy cells to undergoing …

Despite a strong preclinical rationale for targeting the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in
cancer, clinical studies of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-targeted monotherapies have been …

Autophagy is quintessential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in all eukaryotic
cells, explaining why both normal and malignant cells benefit from proficient autophagic …

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women in the United States. There has
been an increasing incidence and decreasing mortality rate of BC cases over the past …

Cancer cells undergoing immunogenic cell death (ICD) can initiate adaptive immune
responses against dead cell‐associated antigens, provided that (1) said antigens are not …