Remote sensing-based methods of aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation in forest
ecosystems have gained increased attention, and substantial research has been conducted …

Distribution of land cover has a profound impact on the climate and environment; mapping
the land cover patterns from global, regional to local scales are important for scientists and …

In addition to precise 3D coordinates, most light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems also
record “intensity”, loosely defined as the strength of the backscattered echo for each …

Capturing and quantifying the world in three dimensions (x, y, z) using light detection and
ranging (lidar) technology drives fundamental advances in the Earth and Ecological …

Rapid technological advances in airborne hyperspectral and lidar systems paved the way
for using machine learning algorithms to map urban environments. Both hyperspectral and …

Mapping tree species within urban areas is essential for sustainable urban planning as well
as to improve our understanding of the role of urban vegetation as an ecological service …

Vegetation cover fraction (fCover) and related quantities are basic yet critical vegetation
structure variables in various disciplines and applications. Ground-and aerial-based …

3D point clouds of natural environments relevant to problems in geomorphology (rivers,
coastal environments, cliffs,…) often require classification of the data into elementary …

The advent of lidar has revolutionized the way we observe and measure vegetation structure
from the ground and from above and represents a major advance toward the quantification …

Airborne laser scanning (ALS) is an active remote sensing technique providing range data
as 3D point clouds. This paper aims at presenting a survey of the literature related to such …