The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple
crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a debilitating disease that is associated with poor
prognosis, short median patient survival and a very limited response to therapies. GBM has …

Cancer is a key health issue across the world, causing substantial patient morbidity and
mortality. Patient prognosis is tightly linked with metastatic dissemination of the disease to …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that is involved in
proliferation, metastasis, and many other important processes in malignancy. Inhibitors …

Many drugs that target transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling have been developed,
some of which have reached Phase III clinical trials for a number of disease applications …

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are part of a complex microenvironment that promotes and/or
regulates tumor development and growth. Depending on the type of cells and their …

Glioblastomas, like other solid tumors, have extensive areas of hypoxia and necrosis. The
importance of hypoxia in driving tumor growth is receiving increased attention. Hypoxia …

Activins are dimeric glycoproteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta
superfamily and resulting from the assembly of two beta subunits, which may also be …

Microglia, which contribute substantially to the tumor mass of glioblastoma, have been
shown to play an important role in glioma growth and invasion. While a large number of …

The transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signalling pathway plays a critical and dual role in
the progression of human cancer. During the early phase of tumour progression, TGF‐β acts …