This review provides a comparison of the theoretical issues and experimental findings for
plasmid DNA and mRNA vaccine technologies. While both have been under development …

Vaccination was first pioneered in the 18th century by Edward Jenner and eventually led to
the development of the smallpox vaccine and subsequently the eradication of smallpox. The …

Although the discovery and characterization of multiple tumor antigens have sparked the
development of many antigen/derived cancer vaccines, many are poorly immunogenic and …

The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been shown to depend on preexisting
antitumor immunity; thus, their combination with cancer vaccines is an attractive therapeutic …

According to reports of the international agency for cancer on research, although malignant
melanoma shows less prevalence than nonmelanoma skin cancers, it is the major cause of …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are paramount in initiating and guiding immunity towards a state of
activation or tolerance. This bidirectional capacity of DCs sets them at the center stage for …

Nanotechnologies are considered to be of growing importance to the vaccine field. Through
decoration of immunogens on multivalent nanoparticles, designed nanovaccines can elicit …

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted both the importance of One Health, ie,
the interactions and transmission of pathogens between animals and humans, and the …

Linked topics in science and technology (LTSTs) can provide new avenues for technological
innovation and are a key step in the transition from basic to applied research. This paper …

Therapeutic vaccination is a promising strategy for the immunotherapy of cancers. It
eradicates cancer cells by evoking and strengthening the patient's own immune system …