Background Sex differences are important epidemiological factors that impact in the
frequency and severity of infectious diseases. A clear sexual dimorphism in bacterial …

Awareness of the influence of sex ands gender on the natural history of several diseases is
increasing. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common acute respiratory …

Background An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming a public
health emergency. Data are limited on the duration and host factors related to viral …

Globally, far more men than women have tuberculosis. Although the cause of this bias is
uncertain, epidemiological factors have historically been considered the driving force. Here …

Sex differences in the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system have been widely
reported. These intrinsic sex differences have also been shown to modulate the …

Sex disparities in cardiac homeostasis and heart disease are well documented, with
differences attributed to actions of sex hormones. However, studies have indicated sex …

Tuberculosis is the most prevalent bacterial infectious disease in humans and the leading
cause of death from a single infectious agent, ranking above HIV/AIDS. The causative agent …

Bacterial septicaemia is a major cause of mortality, but its pathogenesis remains poorly
understood. In experimental pneumococcal murine intravenous infection, an initial reduction …

The accuracy of self-reported cancer diagnoses in a prospective study was compared with
population based cancer registry data in four states. The study cohort included 65,582 men …

Biological sex differences exist for many airway diseases in which females have either
worse or better health outcomes. Inflammatory airway diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) …