Learning and interpreting the structure of the environment is an innate feature of biological
systems, and is integral to guiding flexible behaviors for evolutionary viability. The concept of …

Anxiety is experienced in response to threats that are distal or uncertain, involving changes
in one's subjective state, autonomic responses, and behavior. Defensive and physiologic …

The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in emotion and in motivation, but the
relationship between these functions performed by these brain structures is not clear. To …

The orbitofrontal cortex in primates including humans is the key brain area in emotion, and
in the representation of reward value and in non-reward, that is not obtaining an expected …

It is proposed that a cognitive map encoding the relationships between entities in the world
supports flexible behavior, but the majority of the neural evidence for such a system comes …

Humans and animals use mental representations of the spatial structure of the world to
navigate. The classical view is that these representations take the form of Euclidean …

The human ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)/anterior cingulate cortex is implicated in
reward and emotion, but also in memory. It is shown how the human orbitofrontal cortex …

Increasing evidence suggests that mental health and physical health are linked by neural
systems that jointly regulate somatic physiology and high-level cognition. Key systems …

Over the past 20 years, neuroscience research on reward-based learning has converged on
a canonical model, under which the neurotransmitter dopamine 'stamps in'associations …

The emergence of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) is defining new research directions in
neuroscience. To date, this research has focused largely on deep neural networks trained …