Background Chronic and/or extreme stress in early life, often referred to as early adversity,
childhood trauma, or early life stress, has been associated with a wide range of adverse …

An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the
past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of adversity and neurodevelopment—the …

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) such as sexual and physical abuse or
neglect are frequent in childhood and constitute a massive stressor with long-lasting …

Maltreatment-related childhood adversity is the leading preventable risk factor for mental
illness and substance abuse. Although the association between maltreatment and …

Although early-life adversity can undermine healthy development, children growing up in
harsh environments may develop intact, or even enhanced, skills for solving problems in …

Background Childhood maltreatment is the most important preventable cause of
psychopathology accounting for about 45% of the population attributable risk for childhood …

Despite long-standing interest in the influence of adverse early experiences on mental
health, systematic scientific inquiry into childhood adversity and developmental outcomes …

Children exposed to various forms of adversity early in life are at increased risk for a broad
range of developmental difficulties, affecting both cognitive and emotional adjustment. We …

Investigating the developmental sequelae of early life stress has provided researchers the
opportunity to examine adaptive responses to extreme environments. A large body of work …

Children who experience chronic stressors are vulnerable to emotional and physical health
problems across the lifespan. This phenomenon raises questions for scientists and …