The prison setting presents not only challenges, but also opportunities, for the prevention
and treatment of HIV, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis. We did a comprehensive literature …

Background Injecting drug use is an increasingly important cause of HIV transmission in
most countries worldwide. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of injecting drug use …

Background The combustion of tobacco is the main cause of tobacco-related morbidity and
mortality. E-cigarettes are potentially disruptive innovations with considerable potential for …

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected people who inject drugs (PWID)
frequently encounter barriers accessing and remaining on antiretroviral therapy (ART) …

Drug use represents a significant burden to public health through disease, disability and
social problems, and policy makers are becoming increasingly interested in how to develop …

Background Recent reports of high HIV infection rates among men who have sex with men
(MSM) from Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the former Soviet Union (FSU) suggest high …

For more than two decades, HIV has infected millions of people worldwide each year
through mucosal transmission. Our knowledge of how HIV secures a foothold at both the …

Infection rate among intravenous drug users (IDU) is higher than the general public, and is
the major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in the IDU population. Epidemiologic …

Abstract Background. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) has emerged as a global
epidemic, with∼ 425,000 new cases estimated to occur annually. The global human …

OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we review evidence of HCV prevalence among injecting drug
users (IDUs) worldwide. METHODS: We undertook a desk-based review of both 'grey'and …