Recent advances in the generation of well-characterized subfemtosecond laser pulses have
opened up unpredicted opportunities for the real-time observation of ultrafast electronic …

The question of how long it takes a particle to tunnel through a potential barrier has been a
subject of intense theoretical debate for the last 80 years. In this decade of attosecond …

The first hundred attoseconds of the electron dynamics during strong field tunneling
ionization are investigated. We quantify theoretically how the electron's classical trajectories …

We report the breakdown of the electric dipole approximation in the long-wavelength limit in
strong-field ionization with linearly polarized few-cycle mid-infrared laser pulses at …

Light–matter interactions are usually described within the electric-dipole approximation,
where the magnetic-field component and the spatial variation of the light electric field over …

The electric dipole approximation is widely used in atomic, molecular and optical physics
and is typically related to a regime for which the wavelength is much larger than the atomic …

When a strong laser pulse induces the ionization of an atom, momentum conservation
dictates that the absorbed photons transfer their momentum to the electron and its parent …

Tunnel ionization belongs to the fundamental processes of atomic physics. The so-called
two-step model, which describes the ionization as instantaneous tunneling at the electric …

We investigate photon-momentum sharing between an electron and an ion following
different photoionization regimes. We find very different partitioning of the photon momentum …

The intermediate domain of strong-field ionization between the tunneling and multiphoton
regimes is investigated using the strong-field approximation and the imaginary-time method …