Stress induces various physiological and biochemical alterations in the animal body, which
are used to assess the stress status of animals. Blood profiles, serum hormones, enzymes …

Non-invasive methods of detecting heat stress magnitude for livestock is gaining momentum
in the context of global climate change. Therefore, the objective of this review is to focus on …

Non‐consumptive effects of predation can strongly impact reproduction and demography of
prey species. Still, the underlying mechanisms that drive non‐consumptive effects are not …

During the last two decades, hair cortisol concentration (HCC) has proven to be a promising
marker for the evaluation of increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity caused by …

Simple Summary Heat stress impacts animal production, reproduction, health, and welfare,
making it profitable to raise animals adapted to the climate. In this context, Caracu (Bos …

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
response to stress and induces the release of cortisol, which is commonly used as an …

Migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus sspp.) is an ecotype of conservation concern that is
experiencing increased cumulative stressors associated with rapid climate change and …

Several internal and external factors can influence animals' hormonal activity. Cortisol level
in hair and wool determines chronic stress, which is connected with the long-term HPA axis …

Hair cortisol concentration is increasingly used as a convenient, non-invasive, and
integrative measure of physiology and health in natural populations of mammals. However …

Urban spaces offer both benefits (elevated food resources from human food sources and
fewer predators) and energetic costs (the physiological stress response related to human …