Highlights•The biofilm formation process and its microenvironmental characteristics are
described.•Biofilm microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles for anti-infection are …

Microbial infections endanger human health and life. Conventional antibiotics has saved
countless human lives, however, is seriously challenged by the quick emergence of …

Management of diabetic wound has long been a clinical challenge due to pathological
microenvironment of excessive inflammation, persistent hyperglycemia, and biofilm infection …

Interest in developing antibacterial polymers as synthetic mimics of host defense peptides
(HPDs) has accelerated in recent years to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections …

Due to protection of extracellular polymeric substances, the therapeutic efficiency of
conventional antimicrobial agents is often impeded by their poor infiltration and …

The bubbling community of microorganisms, consisting of diverse colonies encased in a self-
produced protective matrix and playing an essential role in the persistence of infection and …

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common postoperative occurrences due to contamination
of the surgical wound or implanted medical devices with community or hospital-acquired …

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium that lives in the oral
cavity. It is an integral part of the oral microbiome, which includes more than 500 types of …

Surfaces of synthetic materials are highly susceptible to pathogenic bacteria colonization
and further biofilm formation, leading to device failure in both biomedical and industrial …

Bacterial biofilms present a profound challenge to global public health, often resulting in
persistent and recurrent infections that resist treatment. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) …