Modulation of the biochemical composition of the tumour microenvironment is a new frontier
of cancer therapy. Several immunosuppressive mechanisms operate in the milieu of most …

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the main biochemical components of the tumor
microenvironment (TME), where it can promote tumor progression or tumor suppression …

The microbiota—the collection of microorganisms that live within and on all mammals—
provides crucial signals for the development and function of the immune system. Increased …

Cancers are able to grow by subverting immune suppressive pathways, to prevent the
malignant cells as being recognized as dangerous or foreign. This mechanism prevents the …

A2A receptors (A2AR), a typical GPCR with a high affinity for adenosine, was expressed in
many immune cells, such as regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T cells, macrophages, etc …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, are released by different
cell types and participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes. EVs mediate …

The enzymatic activities of CD39 and CD73 play strategic roles in calibrating the duration,
magnitude, and chemical nature of purinergic signals delivered to immune cells through the …

Objectives Defects in regulatory T cell (Treg) biology have been associated with human
systemic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the …

Ecto-nucleotidases play a pivotal role in purinergic signal transmission. They hydrolyze
extracellular nucleotides and thus can control their availability at purinergic P2 receptors …

This review article provides a historical perspective on the role of purinergic signalling in the
regulation of various subsets of immune cells from early discoveries to current …