The recent emergence of a novel avian A/H 7 N 9 influenza virus in poultry and humans in C
hina, as well as laboratory studies on adaptation and transmission of avian A/H 5 N 1 …

In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 subtype (HPAI H5) viruses have been
prevalent around the world in both avian and mammalian species, causing serious …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 activity has intensified globally since 2021,
increasingly causing mass mortality in wild birds and poultry and incidental infections in …

In 2024, several human infections with highly pathogenic clade 2.3. 4.4 b bovine influenza
H5N1 viruses in the United States raised concerns about their capability for bovine-to …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus can cause morbidity and mortality in
humans but thus far has not acquired the ability to be transmitted by aerosol or respiratory …

Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A viruses occasionally infect humans, but currently
do not transmit efficiently among humans. The viral haemagglutinin (HA) protein is a known …

Considerable progress has been made toward understanding the structural basis of the
interaction of the two major surface glycoproteins of influenza A virus with their common …

The recent emergence of the H7N9 avian influenza A virus and its ability to infect humans
emphasize the epidemic and pandemic potential of these viruses. Interspecies transmission …

The number of glycan determinants that comprise the human glycome is not known. This
uncertainty arises from limited knowledge of the total number of distinct glycans and glycan …

Since 2003, H5N1 influenza viruses have caused over 400 known cases of human infection
with a mortality rate greater than 60%. Most of these cases resulted from direct contact with …