One Health (OH) is a crucial concept, where the interference between humans, animals and
the environment matters. This review article focusses on the role of horses in maintaining the …

Clostridium is a broad genus of anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped, Gram-positive
bacteria that can be found in different environments all around the world. The genus …

The equine industry holds substantial economic importance not only in the USA but
worldwide. The occurrence of various infectious bacterial diseases in horses can lead to …

The clostridial diseases of horses can be divided into three major groups:
enteric/enterotoxic, histotoxic, and neurotoxic. The main enteric/enterotoxic diseases include …

Horses are exquisitely sensitive to tetanus neurotoxin and are exposed to the risk of
infection with Clostridium tetani throughout life. The vaccine against tetanus is highly …

A sudden onset of neurologic disease in horses can pose challenges to both veterinarians
and horse owners. Swift and appropriate therapeutic intervention might have a profound …

Despite castration being one of the most frequently performed elective equine surgical
procedures, complication rates are high and range from severe life‐threatening conditions to …

We previously developed an ELISA assay for detection of tetanus toxoid antigen in tetanus
vaccines for human use. Tetanus vaccines for veterinary use are qualitatively different to …

Tetanus is a distressing and often fatal disease caused by exotoxins released by the
bacterium Clostridium tetani. Clostridium tetani is a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract of …

Bacterial meningoencephalomyelitis (MEM) is a possible complication of neonatal sepsis in
up to 8–10% of septic foals and has a high mortality rate. This chapter reviews MEM in …