Temperature profoundly influences physiological responses in animals, primarily due to the
effects on biochemical reaction rates. Since physiological responses are often exemplified …

Drying to equilibrium with the air kills nearly all animals and flowering plants, including
livestock and crops. This makes drought a key ecological problem for terrestrial life and a …

Winter survival for thousands of species of insects relies on adaptive strategies for cold
hardiness. Two basic mechanisms are widely used (freeze avoidance by deep supercooling …

Drying to equilibrium with the air is lethal to most species of animals and plants, making
drought (ie, low external water potential) a central problem for terrestrial life and a major …

The isolation of the Southern Ocean after the opening of Drake Passage some 23–25 million
years ago, the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the subsequent cooling of the …

Winter survival for many kinds of animals involves freeze tolerance, the ability to endure the
conversion of about 65% of total body water into extracellular ice and the consequences that …

Microorganisms, plants, and animals have successfully colonized cold environments, which
represent the majority of the biosphere on Earth. They have evolved special mechanisms to …

Approximately 50% of soils in the Northern Hemisphere experience seasonal freezing and
thawing, which influences physical, chemical, and biological processes in the vadose zone …

Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems are noted for their relative simplicity and limited trophic
structure. In this context, knowledge of biotic interactions in structuring terrestrial soil …

The worldwide distribution of microinvertebrates on glaciers, the coldest biome, is poorly
known. Owing to their tolerance to hostile conditions, small size and dispersal abilities …