Cytokines are critical mediators that oversee and regulate immune and inflammatory
responses via complex networks and serve as biomarkers for many diseases. Quantification …

Immunosensors are biosensors based on interactions between an antibody and antigen on
a transducer surface. Either antibody or antigen can be the species immobilized on the …

Chronic wounds arise from interruption of normal healing due to many potential
pathophysiological factors. Monitoring these multivariate factors can provide personalized …

In recent years, real-time health management has received increasing attention, benefiting
from the rapid development of flexible and wearable devices. Conventionally, flexible and …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a pro-inflammatory cytokine demonstrate a critical role in the
inflammatory response. Especially, the high levels of IL-6 measured in plasma have been …

Cytokines, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, and chemokines, have
a variety of pro‐and anti‐inflammatory effects in the body through a number of biochemical …

Interest in extracellular vesicles and in particular microvesicles and exosomes, which are
constitutively produced by cells, is on the rise for their huge potential as biomarkers in a high …

Organs-on-chip (OoC), often referred to as microphysiological systems (MPS), are advanced
in vitro tools able to replicate essential functions of human organs. Owing to their …

Tumor‐associated macrophage (TAM) reprogramming is a promising therapeutic approach
for cancer immunotherapy; however, its efficacy remains modest due to the low bioactivity of …

Despite the fact that cancer research has experienced important advances and remarkable
improvement in the curing processes during the last decades, this disease still occupies a …