Abstract Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases (RIPKs) are a family of Ser/Thr/Tyr kinases
whose functions, regulation and pathophysiologic roles have remained an enigma for a long …

The prototypical model for NOD-like receptor (NLR) inflammasome assembly includes
nucleotide-dependent activation of the NLR downstream of pathogen-or danger-associated …

Signals arising from bacterial infections are detected by pathogen recognition receptors
(PRRs) and are transduced by specialized adapter proteins in mammalian cells. The …

The development of inflammation is mutually affected with damaged DNA and the abnormal
expression of protein modification. Ubiquitination, a way of protein modification, plays a key …

Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), the first line of
defense, are the cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that regulate the …

The receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2) is essential for linking activation
of the pattern recognition receptors NOD1 and NOD2 to cellular signaling events. Recently …

Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) recognizes the
muramyl dipeptide and activates the NF-κB signaling cascade following its interaction with …

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase plays a pivotal role as an allosteric enzyme, essential for
starch biosynthesis in plants. The higher plant AGPase comparises of a pair of large and a …

Point mutation D54K in the human N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD) of
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain− 1 (NOD1) abrogates an imperative downstream …

The innate immune system offers the first line of defense against invading microbial
pathogens through the recognition of conserved pathogen‐associated molecular patterns …