SUMMARY A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act
synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have become
intertwined over the past few decades in a “syndemic” that exacerbates the morbidity and …

Malnutrition and tuberculosis are both problems of considerable magnitude in most of the
underdeveloped regions of the world. These two problems tend to interact with each other …

Background Studies of the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the risk of
HIV-1-associated tuberculosis have had variable results. We set out to determine the effect …

The most up-to-date estimates demonstrate very heterogeneous spread of HIV-1, and more
than 30 million people are now living with HIV-1 infection, most of them in sub-Saharan …

Background Tuberculosis is a leading cause worldwide of morbidity and mortality among
HIV-infected people. The HIV era has seen a dramatic increase of the tuberculosis case …

Abstract During 1993-2003, incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States decreased
44% and is now occurring at a historic low level (14,874 cases in 2003). The Advisory …

Co-infections contribute to HIV-related pathogenesis and often increase viral load in HIV-
infected people. We did a systematic review to assess the effect of treating key co-infections …

There are few reports of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
from Asia. In a retrospective analysis of 594 patients (72.9% male; baseline CD4 cell count …

Background We sought to determine the prevalence of active tuberculosis among
ambulatory HIV-infected persons in Tanzania with CD4 cell counts of⩾ 200 cells/mm3 and a …