The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

Cytokines regulate immune responses essential for maintaining immune homeostasis, as
deregulated cytokine signaling can lead to detrimental outcomes, including inflammatory …

Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and plays a
fundamental role in mediating the onset and progression of disease. Microglia, which …

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Glutamate
transmission efficiency depends on the correct functionality and expression of a plethora of …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in
dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, which subsequently causes motor symptoms …

The adaptive immune system and associated inflammation are vital in surveillance and host
protection against internal and external threats, but can secondarily damage host tissues …

A case of probable Parkinson's disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection - The Lancet Neurology
Skip to Main Content Advertisement The Lancet Neurology This Journal Back Journal Home …

Importance The association of nonmotor features and Parkinson disease (PD) is
increasingly recognized. Evidence suggests that inflammation may play a role in PD …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is central to host
defense and inflammatory responses but under certain circumstances also triggers cell …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that exerts both
homeostatic and pathophysiological roles in the central nervous system. In pathological …