Blue is a favored color of many humans. While blue skies and oceans are a common visual
experience, this color is less frequently observed in flowers. We first review how blue has …

Flower colour is mainly due to the presence and type of pigments. Pollinator preferences
impose selection on flower colour that ultimately acts on flower pigments. Knowing how …

Florivory, ie, flower herbivory, of various types is common and can strongly reduce plant
fitness. Flowers suffer two very different types of herbivory:(1) the classic herbivory of …

Red‐flowered species have traditionally been related to ornithophily, and the 'bee
avoidance'hypothesis, that is, red flower colouration is a way to reduce visits from …

Background The colours of flowers are of key interest to plant and pollination biologists. An
increasing number of studies have investigated the importance of saturation of flower …

Pollination and reproduction are important processes for understanding plant community
dynamics. Information regarding pollination and reproduction is urgent for threatened …

Bird invasion will reduce the yield of high-value crops, which threatens the healthy
development of agricultural economy. Sonic bird repellent has the advantages of large …

Abstract Background and Aims Flower colour is a key feature in plant–pollinator interactions
that makes the flowers visible amid the surrounding green vegetation. Green flowers are …

Selection together with variation in floral traits can act to mold floral form, often driven by a
plant's predominant or most effective pollinators. To investigate the evolution of traits …

Many tropical plants are pollinated by birds and several bird phylogenetical lineages have
specialised to a nectar diet. The long‐assumed, intimate ecological and evolutionary …