Trauma-and disease-related skeletal defects and illnesses are plaguing millions of people
especially in an ageing globe. Recently, the convergence of additive manufacturing (AM) …

To induce bone regeneration there is a complex cascade of growth factors. Growth factors
such as recombinant BMP-2, BMP-7, and PDGF are FDA-approved therapies in bone …

Bone grafts are the second most common tissue transplanted in the United States, and they
are an essential treatment tool in the field of acute and reconstructive traumatic orthopaedic …

Bone replacement might have been practiced for centuries with various materials of natural
origin, but had rarely met success until the late 19th century. Nowadays, many different bone …

Bone is the second most commonly transplanted tissue worldwide, with over four million
operations using bone grafts or bone substitute materials annually to treat bone defects …

Sol–gel chemistry offers a flexible approach to obtaining a diverse range of materials. It
allows differing chemistries to be achieved as well as offering the ability to produce a wide …

Regenerative medicine has sparked interest in potential strategies for bone repair. Bone
defects are widespread and could be caused by trauma, congenital malformations …

Bone substitutes are being increasingly used in surgery as over two millions bone grafting
procedures are performed worldwide per year. Autografts still represent the gold standard …

Bone tissue engineering has emerged as one of the most indispensable approaches to
address bone trauma in the past few decades. This approach offers an efficient and a risk …

This review analyzes the literature of bone grafts and introduces tissue engineering as a
strategy in this field of orthopedic surgery. We evaluated articles concerning bone grafts; …