Abstract Lysozymes (EC 3.2. 1.17) are hydrolytic enzymes, characterized by their ability to
cleave the β-(1, 4)-glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine …

The outbreak of diseases ordinarily results from the disruption of the balance and harmony
between hosts and pathogens. Devoid of adaptive immunity, shrimp rely largely on the …

Several immune-related molecules in penaeid shrimps have been discovered, most of these
via the analysis of expressed sequence tag libraries, microarray studies and proteomic …

Between fifty and ten thousand years ago, most large mammals became extinct everywhere
except Africa. Slow-breeding animals also were hard hit, regardless of size. This unusual …

In this study, the probiotic, Bacillus subtilis E20, isolated from the human health food, natto,
was used for white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, larvae breeding to improve the larval …

Despite progress in the past decade, researchers struggle to evaluate the hypothesis that
environmental conditions compromise immunity and facilitate new disease outbreaks. In this …

This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of dietary mixed probiotics on growth, non-
specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile pacific white shrimp …

It is a difficult task to describe what constitutes a 'healthy'shellfish (eg, crustacean, bivalve).
Visible defects such as discolouration, missing limbs or spines, fouling, lesions, and …

In this study, we used real-time PCR to simultaneously monitor the responses of 12 key
genes of the shrimp innate immune system in Litopenaeus vannamei after challenge with …

The global production of cultured crustaceans for 2018 is predicted to be~ 8.63 million
tonnes, and shrimp represents a significant portion of cultured crustaceans. Demands for …