The complexity of host–pathogen interactions often leads to distinct clinical outcomes upon
infection with different pathogen strains. In this Review, we explore the interactions between …

Staphylococcal enterotoxins are a wide family of bacterial exotoxins with the capacity to
activate as much as 20% of the host T cells, which is why they were called superantigens …

Chagas disease is a major neglected tropical disease, transmitted predominantly by
triatomine insect vectors, but also through congenital and oral routes. While endemic in the …

Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi are parasitic kinetoplastids of great medical and
epidemiological importance since they are responsible for thousands of deaths and …

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, presents a
substantial global health burden, affecting millions of individuals worldwide and posing a …

In recent years, our understanding of the immune system has expanded significantly,
highlighting its crucial role not only in the defense against pathogens, toxins and tumor cells …

In recent years, our understanding of the immune system has expanded significantly,
highlighting its crucial role not only in the defense against pathogens, toxins and tumor cells …

Parasites within the Trypanosoma genus are flagellated eukaryote kinetoplast protozoans,
mostly transmitted by an insect vector. The occurrence of sexual reproduction of …

Streptococcus pyogenes is a human-specific opportunistic pathogen that exploits an
assortment of surface molecules to overcome host clearing mechanisms and cause a …

Chagas disease is a major neglected tropical disease, transmitted predominantly by
triatomine insect vectors, but also through congenital and oral routes. While endemic in the …