Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) organize knowledge on the progression of toxicity
through levels of biological organization. By determining the linkages between toxicity …

In this paper, we consider a predator–prey model with fear response delay, gestation delay,
fear effect, prey refuge, harvesting and Crowley–Martin type functional response. First, we …

A recent field manipulation on a terrestrial vertebrate showed that the fear of predators alone
altered anti-predator defences to such an extent that it greatly reduced the reproduction of …

Vital rates of large herbivores normally respond to increased resource limitation by following
a progressive sequence of effects on life‐history characteristics from survival of young, age …

We study the dynamics of a prey-predator interaction model that incorporates:(1) reduction
of prey growth rate, in the form of fear effect, in presence of predator; and (2) group defense …

In this article, we propose and analyse a predator-prey model where apart from direct
predation the prey population is affected by the fear induced from predators. The …

In the present work we have studied a prey–predator model with logistic growth of the prey
in the absence of the predator. We have also considered the fear effect and have …

Spatial patterns through diffusion-driven instability are stationary structures that appear
spontaneously upon breaking the symmetry of the spatial domain, which results only from …

Behaviour is the interface between an organism and its environment, and behavioural
plasticity is important for organisms to cope with environmental change. Social behaviour is …

This multi-decade study on an isolated and unfished population of manta rays (Manta alfredi
and M. birostris) in the Maldives used individual-based photo-ID records and behavioural …