Drawings are usually visual, but may also be tactile, that is, perceptible through the fingers
(Eriksson, 1988). In the latter case, they may be extremely useful to people who are blind …

This article reviews recent research on perception of tangible pictures in sighted and blind
people. Haptic picture naming accuracy is dependent upon familiarity and access to …

In recent years, the field of Universal Access has made significant progress in consolidating
theoretical approaches, scientific methods and technologies, as well as in exploring new …

We demonstrate the influence of picture size on haptic recognition and exploratory
behaviour. The stimuli were raised-line drawings of everyday objects. Participants were …

Three-dimensional printed models have the potential to serve as powerful accessibility tools
for blind people. Recently, researchers have developed methods to further enhance 3D …

In a previous paper we documented that sighted participants complete haptic tasks faster
with two hands and multiple fingers, but that these benefits are task specific. The present …

We investigated the role of visual experience and visual imagery in the processing of two-
dimensional (2-D) tactile patterns. The performance of early-blind (EB), late-blind (LB), and …

We examined the effect of visual experience on the haptic Müller-Lyer illusion. Subjects
made size estimates of raised lines by using a sliding haptic ruler. Independent groups of …

Blindfolded sighted, congenitally blind, late-blind, and very-low-vision subjects were tested
on a tangible version of the embedded-figures test. The results of ANOVAs on accuracy …

Raised-line diagrams are widely used by visually impaired (VI) people to read maps,
drawings or graphs. While previous work has identified general exploration strategies for …