Noise shaping digital quantizers, most commonly digital delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulators, are
used in fractional-N phase-locked loops (PLLs) to enable fractional frequency tuning …

The divider controller in a conventional phase-locked loop fractional-frequency synthesizer
modulates the instantaneous division ratio of the feedback divider. The divider controller is …

Fractional-N frequency synthesizers contain a divider controller which implements the
fractional division. The interaction between the quantization noise from the divider controller …

Few people know what wandering spurs are; fewer still know how to get rid of them. This
book, which is written by those who raised awareness of wandering spurs, explained how …

Frequency synthesizers based on finite state machines are notorious for producing spurious
tones (spurs). These spurs can be inherent in the architecture or may result from interactions …

Fractional-N frequency synthesizers are commonly used in communication systems. A
divider controller is employed within a conventional divider-based fractional-N frequency …

Fractional-N phase-locked loops (PLLs) are widely used to synthesize local oscillator
signals for modulation and demodulation in communication systems. Their phase error …