Vigilance allows animals to monitor their surroundings for signs of danger associated with
predators or rivals. As vigilance is costly, models predict that it should increase when the risk …

Roads can affect animals as well as their habits at different levels. Avoidance behavior is a
common response of animals to this type of perturbation, preventing access to areas rich in …

Prey species must often face a trade‐off between acquiring resources and minimizing
predation risk. The spatial variation in predation risk across a landscape, as perceived by …

Whether interactions between wildlife and livestock are competitive or facilitative is context
dependent. Intermediary factors that explain how context (seasonal or regional …

Interactions involving ungulates and their predators are widely thought to shape ecological
patterns and processes. Guanacos (Lama guanicoe) and pumas (Puma concolor) have …

Wild herbivore distribution responds to habitat and forage availability modulated by
predation risk and interspecific interactions. Nowadays, the study of distribution and …

The effects of poaching on wildlife have been widely studied in conservation biology and
can be heterogeneous, particularly on ungulates. These effects can be estimated through …

Animals may divert time and energy in similar ways in the presence of predators, humans or
landscape infrastructures. Roads have facilitated the economic and social development of …

Trade-offs can cause conservation measures designed to improve habitat for one aspect of
a species life history to inadvertently decrease its suitability in other ways. We explored the …

The spatial distribution of ungulate densities is determined by their decisions on habitat
selection, modulated by environmental characteristics and human activities. Poaching and …