Coal, containing all the elements that are present in nature and more than 200 minerals, has
a complex chemical structure, making it one of the most complex geological materials …

The iron and steel making is considered among the biggest industries which run the world.
This industry contributes around 20% of global industrial-sector energy consumption that is …

The iron and steel industry accounts for about 20% of the annual industrial energy
utilization. The intensive fossil fuel consumption in steel industry is associated with CO 2 …

This paper provides a fundamental and critical review of biomass application as a reducing
agent and fuel in integrated steelmaking. The basis for the review is derived from the current …

Steel production is one of the most energy and carbon intensive industries contributing 5–
7% of the global CO 2 emissions. In the search for ways to decrease fossil CO 2 emissions …

The global demand for energy is constantly on the rise because of population explosion,
rapid urbanization, and industrial growth. Existing energy resources are struggling to cope …

A revised version of the “End Green Delusions” essay (Verso, 2018), this chapter argues that
there is no such thing as renewable energy, only fossil fuel+. Raw material resource …

Spent cathode carbon block (SCCB) is one of the hazardous solid wastes generated in the
electrolytic aluminum. Traditional landfills contaminate the environment, and waste …

Iron coke, as a new type of blast furnace burden is helpful for energy saving, emission
reduction and green production of iron making. This study aims to investigate the strength …

The problem is to find the key to this storehouse and to unlock it so as to be able to utilize the
elements present in order to produce more valuable substances that will provide the …