Abstract The T helper 17 (Th17) cells contain a dynamic subset of CD4+ T-cells that are able
to develop into other different lineage subsets, including the Th1-like Th17 cells. These cells …

Oxygen availability varies throughout the human body in health and disease. Under
physiological conditions, oxygen availability drops from the lungs over the blood stream …

Highlights•Chemokines participate in leukocyte recruitment among other biological
functions.•Chemokines have a clear impact on intestinal inflammation in preclinical animal …

B cells are typically characterized by their ability to produce antibodies, function as
secondary antigen-present cells, and produce various immunoregulatory cytokines. The …

B lymphocyte‐mediated humoral immune response is essential for protection against
infectious diseases. Deeper research in B cell biology, particularly metabolism is required …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops as a result of a combination of genetic
predisposition, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and environmental influences, which is …

B cells have been reported to have a suppressive function in autoimmune diseases, which
appears to require an increase of CD11b expression on B cells. However, little is known …

B cells are the core components of humoral immunity. A mature B cell can serve in multiple
capacities, including antibody production, antigen presentation, and regulatory functions …

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune hemorrhagic disease.
Loss of immune tolerance plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ITP. Monocytes and …

The intestinal mucosal immune environment requires multiple immune cells to maintain
homeostasis. Although intestinal B cells are among the most important immune cells, little is …