Bladder cancer is a highly prevalent disease and is associated with substantial morbidity,
mortality and cost. Environmental or occupational exposures to carcinogens, especially …

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) is a lipid kinase and generates
phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-trisphosphate (PI (3, 4, 5) P3). PI (3, 4, 5) P3 is a second …

This 2004 volume in the World Health Organization series on histologic and genetic typing
of human tumors covers tumors of the kidney, urinary system, prostate, testis and …

PTEN is among the most frequently inactivated tumour suppressor genes in sporadic
cancer. PTEN has dual protein and lipid phosphatase activity, and its tumour suppressor …

Abstract Purpose: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway can be activated by
alterations affecting several pathway components. For rational application of targeted …

Urothelial cancer has served as one of the most important sources of information about the
mutational events that underlie the development of human solid malignancies. Although …

Cancer of the bladder shows divergent clinical behaviour following diagnosis and it has
been proposed that two major groups of tumours exist that develop via different molecular …

Despite the fact that the current histopathologic classification for bladder cancer has led to
improved concepts for the clinical management of the disease, key questions with regard to …

Bladder cancer, one of the most frequently occurring human cancers, develops via two
tracks referred to as papillary and nonpapillary that correspond to clinically different forms of …

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a critical signal transduction
pathway that regulates multiple cellular functions. Aberrant activation of this pathway has …