The rapid development of additive manufacturing has fueled a revolution in various research
fields and industrial applications. Among the myriad of advanced 3D printing techniques …

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are crosslinked polymer networks that combine the
elastic properties of rubber with the anisotropic properties of liquid crystals. Multifunctionality …

Microrobots have attracted the attention of scientists owing to their unique features to
accomplish tasks in hard-to-reach sites in the human body. Microrobots can be precisely …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are renowned for their large, reversible, and anisotropic
shape change in response to various external stimuli due to their lightly cross‐linked …

Abstract Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability
for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, their …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) are appealing candidates among active materials for 4D
printing, due to their reversible, programmable and rapid actuation capabilities. Recent …

3D printing (also called “additive manufacturing” or “rapid prototyping”) is able to translate
computer-aided and designed virtual 3D models into 3D tangible constructs/objects through …

Abstract 4D printing of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) via direct ink writing has opened up
great opportunities to create stimuli‐responsive actuations for applications such as soft …

Metamaterials are rationally designed composites aiming at effective material parameters
that go beyond those of the ingredient materials. For example, negative metamaterial …

Abstract 4D printing has attracted tremendous interest since its first conceptualization in
2013. 4D printing derived from the fast growth and interdisciplinary research of smart …