Genetic alterations affecting transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling are
exceptionally common in diseases and cancers of the gastrointestinal system. As a regulator …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and inflammation play the central role in …

Tissue environment plays a powerful role in establishing and maintaining the distinct
phenotypes of resident macrophages, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain …

Among the features that distinguish type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) from natural killer
(NK) cells is a gene signature indicative of'imprinting'by cytokines of the TGF-β family. We …

Genetic tools to target microglia specifically and efficiently from the early stages of
embryonic development are lacking. We generated a constitutive Cre line controlled by the …

The intestinal epithelium possesses a remarkable self-renewal ability, which is mediated by
actively proliferating Lgr5+ stem cells. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling …

TGF-β1 has been long considered as a key mediator in renal fibrosis and induces renal
scarring largely by activating its downstream Smad signaling pathway. Interestingly, while …

The failure of axons to regenerate is a major obstacle for functional recovery after central
nervous system (CNS) injury. Removing extracellular inhibitory molecules results in limited …

Bone remodeling depends on the precise coordination of bone resorption and subsequent
bone formation. Disturbances of this process are associated with skeletal diseases, such as …

Endothelial tip cells guiding tissue vascularization are primary targets for angiogenic
therapies. Whether tip cells require differential signals to develop their complex branching …