Abstract Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at
least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes …

Sponge Grounds as Key Marine Habitats: A Synthetic Review of Types, Structure, Functional
Roles, and Conservation Concerns Page 1 Sponge Grounds as Key Marine Habitats: A …

Antarctica's ice shelves help to control the flow of glacial ice as it drains into the ocean,
meaning that the rate of global sea-level rise is subject to the structural integrity of these …

We present an update of the 'key points' from the Antarctic Climate Change and the
Environment (ACCE) report that was published by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic …

Several recent climate impact assessments on polar regions have been undertaken,
including the synthesis report on Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (AMAP …

Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of
environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 …

Our planet is changing, and one of the most pressing challenges facing the scientific
community revolves around understanding how ecological communities respond to global …

Animals living in the Southern Ocean have evolved in a singular environment. It shares
many of its attributes with the high Arctic, namely low, stable temperatures, the pervading …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

A quantitative assessment of observed and projected environmental changes in the
Southern Ocean (SO) with a potential impact on the marine ecosystem shows:(i) large …