The global sediment cycle is a fundamental feature of the Earth system, balancing
competing factors such as orogeny, physical–chemical erosion and human action. In this …

The element silicon (Si) is required for the growth of silicified organisms in marine
environments, such as diatoms. These organisms consume vast amounts of Si together with …

The flow of fresh groundwater may provide substantial inputs of nutrients and solutes to the
oceans. However, the extent to which hydrogeological parameters control groundwater flow …

Humankind will need to remove hundreds of gigatons of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the
atmosphere by the end of the 21st century to keep global warming below 2° C within the …

Over the past few decades, we have realized that the silica cycle is strongly intertwined with
other major biogeochemical cycles, like those of carbon and nitrogen, and as such is …

Chemical weathering is an integral part of both the rock and carbon cycles and is being
affected by changes in land use, particularly as a result of agricultural practices such as …

For the first four billion years of Earth's history, climate was marked by apparent stability and
warmth despite the Sun having lower luminosity. Proposed mechanisms for maintaining an …

Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust and plays a number of
important roles in the mineral nutrition of plants. In the past 20 years, the scientific …

The silicon isotope composition of biogenic silica (δ 30 Si BSi) in the ocean is a function of
the δ 30 Si of the available dissolved Si (DSi; H 2 SiO 4), the degree of utilisation of the …

Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the largest reservoirs of reduced carbon on
Earth. In the dark ocean (> 200 m), most of this carbon is refractory DOM. This refractory …