This review is a study of how the idea of spin ice has evolved over the years, with a focus on
the scientific questions that have come to define the subject. Since our initial discovery of …

Spin liquids are exotic phases of matter that often support emergent gauge fields and quasi-
particle excitations. While spin liquids are commonly known for remaining disordered, their …

The Coulomb phase, with its dipolar correlations and pinch-point–scattering patterns, is
central to discussions of geometrically frustrated systems, from water ice to binary and mixed …

Abstract Systems of interacting nanomagnets known as artificial spin ice,,–have allowed the
design, realization and study of geometrically frustrated exotic collective states,,,,–that are …

Frustration in magnetic interactions can give rise to disordered ground states with subtle and
beautiful properties. The spin ices Ho 2 Ti 2 O 7 and Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7 exemplify this …

The Curie-Weiss law is widely used to estimate the strength of frustration in frustrated
magnets. However, the Curie-Weiss law was originally derived as an estimate of magnetic …

We address the long-standing problem of the microscopic origin of the richly diverse
phenomena in the chromium breathing pyrochlore material family. Combining electronic …

The spin-glass behavior of Y 2 Mo 2 O 7 has remained a puzzle for nearly three decades.
Free of bulk disorder within the resolution of powder diffraction methods, it is thought that this …

The mathematics of gauge theories lies behind many of the most profound advances in
physics in the past 200 years, from Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism to Einstein's theory …

Spin ice illustrates many unusual magnetic properties, including zero point entropy,
emergent monopoles and a quasi liquid–gas transition. To reveal the quantum spin …